QUESTIONSHEET
1
(a) (i) sensible scale 1 1
correct plotting 1 1
(ii) lead/Pb 1 1
(iii) Lead dissolves in the water and is poisonous/
can cause health problems/can cause illness. 1 1
(b) (i) 0.5 ´ 80 ´ 490 J/kg/ OC 1 1
19 600J / 19.6 kJ 1 1
(ii) 0.5 ´ 80 ´ 900 J/kg/ OC 1 1
36,000J/36 kJ 1 1
energy saved: 16,400J/16.4 kJ 1 1
TOTAL / 9
QUESTIONSHEET
2
(a) amount of stored/chemical energy. 1 1
(b) (i) 0.02 ´ 4200 ´ 50 J/kg/ OC 1 1
4200 J/4.2 kJ 1
(ii) Two from
heating the container/heating the air/
heating the surroundings/lost by convection in air/
lost by radiation into air/peanut not all burned. 2
(c) (i) carbon 1 1
(ii) the peanut/combustion of peanut 1 1
TOTAL / 7
QUESTIONSHEET
3
(a) (i) Percentage calculation 1 1
ie. 100/35 ´ COST (£1000)
Correct answer (£2857.14) 1 1
(ii) (missing % = 15%) ´ £1000 = £150 1 1
(iii) fitting a curtain, or porch 1 1
(b) (i)
|
Place of installation |
Method of insulation |
Purchase cost (£) |
Cost of energy wasted per year before fitting (£) |
Cost of energy saved per year after fitting (£) |
|
Roof |
Rock-wool or Fibre-glass in loft |
250 |
200 |
160 |
|
Walls |
Cavity wall filling |
1000 |
350 |
280 |
|
Windows |
Double glazing |
3500 |
150 |
120 |
|
Doors |
Draught-proofing |
5 |
150 |
120 |
One correct 1 1
Two correct 2
All correct 3 3
(ii) (Cost/ saving per year = £3500/120 = 29.17 years 1
(iii) Draught proofing 1 1
Very quick pay back/ recoup cost of purchase quickly 1
Compared to other methods of insulation 1 1
i.e. loft-insulation saves more but cost a lot more to start with 1
TOTAL / 12
QUESTIONSHEET
4
(a) W / m2 oC 1 1
(b) Area of roof = 8 x 10 = 80 m2 1 1
80 x 18 x 0.4 1 1
= 576 W / m2 oC 1 1
(units not necessary as given in part a)
TOTAL / 4
QUESTIONSHEET
5
(a) black is good heat absorber 1 1
maximises heat absorbed 1 1
(b) helps to trap heat / like greenhouse 1 1
(c) (i) have greater surface area 1 1
to absorb as much heat as possible 1 1
(ii) to reduce heat loss 1 1
(d) (i) hot water rises 1
by convection currents 1
(ii) hot water rises into it 1 1
(e) high enough temperatures to heat water cannot be relied upon 1 1
TOTAL / 9
QUESTIONSHEET
6
(a) feathers trap more air 1 1
air is a good insulator 1 1
(b) newspaper also traps air 1 1
(c) points to include: (one mark each to maximum of 8)
two similar containers
cover one in feathers
the other in newspaper
fill with hot water
same volume in each
approximately the same temperature
record temperature at regular intervals
for set period of time
plot graphs of temperature against time
compare rates of heat loss 8
TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET
7
(a) (i) energy = mass of substance x SHC x change in temp 1
= 0.50 ´ 4200 ´ 5 1 1
= 10300 J or 10.5 kJ 1 1
(ii) temperature change = 30 – 10 = 20 oC 1 1
energy = 0.10 ´ 880 ´ 20 1 1
= 1760 J or 1.76 kJ 1 1
(b) SHC = energy / (mass of substance x temp change) 1
= 20 000 / (4 ´ 10) 1 1
= 500 J / kg oC 1 1
(c) water has a higher specific heat capacity that sand 1
water warms up more slowly 1 1
TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET
8
(a) (i) energy = mass of water ´ SHC ´ rise in temp 1
= 1.5 ´ 4200 ´ 95 1 1
= 598 500 J or 598.5 Kj 1 1
(ii) 3 kW = 3000 J / s 1 1
3000 ´ time = 598 500 1 1
time = 199.5 s or 3 min 19.5 s 1 1
(b) energy to melt ice = 2 ´ 334 000 = 668 000 J 1
energy to boil kettle = 2 ´ 4200 ´ 100 1 1
= 840 000 J 1 1
Time to boil = (668 000 + 840 000) / 3000
= 503 s or 8 min 23 s 1 1
TOTAL / 10
QUESTIONSHEET
9
(a) (i) diagram of bent strip 1 1
with copper on outside of bend 1 1
(ii) diagram of bent strip 1 1
with aluminium on outside 1 1
(b) (i) heat in appliance heats up strip 1 1
strip bends & breaks contact 1 1
strip cools 1 1
strip straightens and makes contact 1 1
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET
10
(a) (i) air trapped between panes of glass 1
air is good insulator 1
(ii) fibre glass traps air 1
which acts as an insulator 1
(iii) carpets are insulators 1
reduce heat loss due to conduction 1
(b) air in cavity is free to move and carry away heat 1
foam traps the air 1
(c) worn under a shirt 1
traps layer of air next to body 1
TOTAL / 10
QUESTIONSHEET
11
(a) (i) if the bridge expands too much 1 1
it will buckle 1 1
(ii) increased length = 500 ´ 50 ´ 0.000 012 1 1
= 0.3 m 1 1
new length = 500.3 m 1 1
(b) copper 50 ´ 40 ´ 0.000 02 1 1
= 0.04 m 1 1
aluminium 50 ´ 30 ´ 0.000 03 1 1
= 0.045 m 1 1
aluminium expands most (no mark for this)
(c) tyres were heated and put over wheels 1 1
then cooled to contract onto wheel 1 1
TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET
12
(a) (i) sensible scales 1 1
labelled axes 1 1
plotting 2 2
best fit lines 1 1
(ii) paper cup: 0.6 mins (allow +/- 0.1 min) 1 1
polystyrene cup: 1.6 min (allow +/- 0.1 min) 1 1
(iii) polystyrene 1 1
(iv) liquids cooled more slowly in it/
it did not allow heat through so quickly/
heat loss was slower 1 1
(b) (i) Both containers would cool more slowly. 1 1
(ii) Heat loss by convection (in the air) was prevented. 1
TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET
13
(a) (i) A: 2.5 min (allow +/- 0.1 min) 1 1
B: 8.5 min (allow +/- 0.2 min) 1 1
C: 1.5 min (allow +/- 0.1 min) 1 1
(ii) A: 68oC (allow +/- 0.5 0C) 1 1
B: 79.5oC (allow +/- 0.5 0C) 1 1
C: 49.5oC (allow +/- 0.5 0C) 1 1
(b) (i) C 1 1
(ii) by radiation (of heat) 1 1
(iii) conduction, convection. 2 1
TOTAL / 10
QUESTIONSHEET
14
(a) (i) Conduction 1 1
(ii) Convection 1 1
(b) Hot water expands 1 1
Could build up pressure/ dangerous if no valve 1
(c) Conduction movement of heat from particle to particle. 1
Because particles are fixed in solid- cannot move. 1
Convection heat is carried with moving particles. 1 1
Particles can move in liquids and gasses. 1 1
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET
15
(a) hot air rises up chimney 1 1
cool air comes into room to replace it 1 1
(b) hot air rises (thermals) 1 1
supports glider 1 1
(c) smoke is hot and rises 1 1
leaving cool air at bottom of room 1 1
(d) light colours reflect radiation 1 1
keeping person cool 1 1
(e) clouds insulate atmosphere 1 1
keep ground warmer 1 1
TOTAL / 10
QUESTIONSHEET
16
(a) perspiration evaporates 1 1
takes in (latent) heat from skin 1 1
cool skin 1 1
(b) water evaporating from damp clothing 1 1
needs heat from body 1 1
causing person to get very cold 1 1
(c) (i) air not saturated with water 1 1
is able to absorb more from washing 1 1
(ii) wind removes water vapour from near clothes 1
allowing more to escape 1 1
(iii) greater surface area 1 1
for water to escape from 1 1
TOTAL / 12
QUESTIONSHEET
17
(a) reduce heat being lost from the house 1
(b) (i) sensible scales 1 1
correct plotting 1 1
0 10 20 30 40 50
%
loss
(ii) walls 1 1
(iii) walls: cavity foam/insulation 1 1
roof: loft insulation/fibre layer 1 1
windows: double glazing/secondary glazing 1 1
floor: carpet/floor covering 1 1
TOTAL / 8
1TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET
18
(a)
|
|
Silvered inner walls |
|
Conduction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plastic stopper |
|
Convection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vacuum within inner cavity |
|
Radiation |
|
One correct 1 1
Two or more correct 1 1
(b) Inserted words in order:-
CONDUCTION 1 1
CONVECTION 1 1
CONVECTION 1 1
RADIATION 1 1
(c) Air replaces vacuum. 1 1
Air will allow heat to move through (by convection)
and vacuum does not 1 1
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET
19
(a) (i) 100 oC 1 1
(ii) 37 oC 1 1
(iii) 1530 oC 1 1
(iv) 20 oC 1 1
(v) 0 oC 1 1
(b) shorter range of temperature 1 1
clinical has constriction to allow reading after removal 1
(c) mercury 1 1
alcohol 1 1
TOTAL / 9
QUESTIONSHEET
20
one for each of the following in correct order:
convection
rises
falls
radiation
mirrors (silvered surface, shiny surface)
reflectors
absorbers
Joule
Conduction
Conductors
Insulators
TOTAL / 11