Lesson 1

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
9B

Lesson Title: FIGHTING FIT

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - that fitness means different things for different people; how fitness relates to some organs; how to measure some aspects of fitness; how muscle cells obtain energy; organ system, aerobic respiration, heart beat rate, breathing rate, speed, strength
SK - names and functions of some body systems and how different organ systems work together to release energy from food; some factors that effect fitness; the word equation for aerobic respiration, the words circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system.
CK - the four S-factors, that different activities develop the four S factors differently, the symbol equation for aerobic respiration, the words stamina and suppleness.

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Remember fitness may refer to speed, stamina, suppleness and strength, the four S's, and being healthy may refer to the absence of disease and illness, and being happy.

Starter activities: 

• Find out what pupils understand by the word 'fit' and ask them how they could find out if they are fit. Could link this discussion to work done on microbes and disease.

• refer to appropriate slides on Boardworks.

Main course:

• Pupils will be confused on how to measure breathing rate (in and out = one breath). It should be about 12 breaths per minute at rest. Remind pupils how to measure pulse.

• In pairs, pupils measure each others breathing and heart (pulse) rate (per minute). One then exercises for 30 seconds. They stop and measure own breathing rate whilst the partner measures the pulse rate for one minute. Repeat this every other minute until rate return to resting values. Pupils swap roles if time. Graphs can be plotted and results compared. All pupils should be able to measure resting values and recovery times to make conclusions about fitness.

• You could use data logging equipment and w/s 9Ba/1

OR

• Complete w/s 9Ba/2 (involves using callipers to measure body fat). But be aware that some pupils may object to attention being drawn to their body size.

OR

• Complete w/s 9Ba/3 (involves measuring height, weight and looking at different aspects of fitness). For higher ability. Could be a home work.

Plenary:

Pupils list the organs and organ systems involved in fitness (remembering the broader definition) - circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, skeletal system, nervous system.

Recap the word equation for aerobic respiration from year 8,

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 

w/s 9Ba/4 or collect newspaper/magazine articles on fitness (and maybe and use them to create a poster or to help devise a fitness programme).

Resources: 

9Bb/1,9Ba/2, 9Ba/3, 9Ba/4

Lesson 2 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - the main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is, some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet, nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation, inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells, addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus, deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets, anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.

This lesson carries on in lesson 3.

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Pupils learn the parts of the thorax, how we breathe and  about lung volume.

Starter activity:

Find out what pupils already know about breathing, could help them to construct a concept map.
 
Main course:

• Show pupils the model thorax. Ask them how you could make the lungs (balloons) inflate. Don't allow pupils to blow into the balloons. Move on to a demonstration of the breathing mechanism, discussing volume and pressure changes.

• Use appropriate slides from Boardworks.

• Discuss which parts of the model correspond to which parts of the respiratory system. Pupils complete w/s 9Bb/5. and could do 9Bb/7

• Find out lung volume/capacity using the lung volume bags (3 repeats) could plot the class results and discuss the factors that might effect lung volume (body size, fitness, playing a wind instrument etc.), with large groups could see if there is a correlation between height and lung volume.

Plenary:

Ask class questions from page 16 in Exp. Sci. 9

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 

Find out the the names of chemicals in cigarette smoke.
 

Resources: 

Thorax Model, lung volume bags. Work sheets 9Bb/5 and 9Bb/7

W/s 9Bb/5 and 9Bb/7

 

Lesson 3 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
9B

Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR CONTINUED

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - the main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is, some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet, nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation, inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells, addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus, deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets, anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.
 

This carries on into lesson 4

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity:

Remind pupils of gas exchange at the alveoli, showing appropriate slides from Boardworks to help.

Ask pupils the names of chemicals they found out for their last homework. Discuss possible effects of these chemicals.
 
Main course:

Demonstrate the smoking machine and pupils complete 9Bb/3 as you discuss the changes occurring. refer to appropriate slides from another Boardworks

Discuss the effects on the lungs, completing 9Bb/8  along with page 17 in Exp. Sci. 9 - tar reducing gas exchange, premature babies, high blood pressure, heart disease etc.

Makes sure pupils are aware of the effects of carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar.

Pupils could use the information gleaned from the lesson to make a poster or leaflet to persuade people not to smoke.

Plenary:

The smoking crossword (9Bb/6).

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 

9Bb/9 for higher ability

or could research smoking related diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis, heart disease etc.
 

Resources: 

Smoking machine and work sheets as below.
 

9Bb/3, 9Bb/8, 9Bb/9

Demonstrate smoking machine in a well ventilated room,

Lesson 4 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: A BREATH OF FRESH AIR - CONTINUED

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - the main organs in the respiratory system, the function of the respiratory system, some effects of smoking on the body, what a balanced diet is, some effects of an unbalanced diet on the body, the words diaphragm, breathing, lung cancer, heart disease, balanced diet, nutrient, vitamin, mineral.
SK - the difference between breathing and ventilation, how breathing is brought about, where gas exchange occurs, how cilia and mucus can help keep the lungs clean, the names of some chemicals in cigarette smoke and their effects on the body, the cause and symptoms of one deficiency disease, the words air-sac, alveoli, gas exchange, ventilation, inhalation, exhalation, premature baby, ciliated epithelial cells, addictive, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, high blood pressure, mucus, deficiency disease, scurvy, obesity.
CK - how changes in the chest volume bring about ventilation, a range of diseases caused by smoking, a range of deficiency diseases and their causes, the words air pressure, stroke, pneumonia, rickets, anaemia, kwashiorkor, beri-beri.
 

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity:

• Revision - ask pupils what they understand by the word diet (this is 'what you eat' but is usually associated with weight loss) and then get them to list the nutrients needed in a balanced diet.

• Ask them what they might happen if they have too little or too much of any of the nutrients.

• Pupils can look at page 18 of Exp.Sci. 9 to see some symptoms of deficiency diseases.

Main course:

Investigate the effect of cooking on the amount of vitamin C in lemon juice. Use w/s 9Bb/2

Plenary:

Conclude the investigation and ask pupils to describe how they would prepare and what would be in the most nutritious meal they can think of.
 

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 

Research the effects of eating too much of a chosen vitamin.
 

Resources: 

Pipettes, DCPIP solution, test-tubes, lemon juice, stop clocks.
 

9Bb/2

Wear goggles while performing practical work.
 

Lesson 5 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
9B

Lesson Title: DEM BONES

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - that drugs are substances that effect how the body works, some effects of alcohol on behaviour and on the body, that muscles work in pairs, that exercise strengthens the heart, the works drug, alcohol.
SK - alcohol is a depressant drug which can damage the liver, that some people become addicted to alcohol, some factors that are linked to heart disease, the effects of exercise on the body, that muscles contract to move a bone and are attached to bone with tendons. A pair of muscles is called an antagonistic pair, the words depressant, alcohol abuse, heart disease, heart attack, antagonistic pair, contract, relax, impulse, tendon.
CK - alcohol abuse can cause liver cirrhosis, what atherosclerosis is, that bones are attached to each other by ligaments, that the gap between bones in a joint is often filled with synovial fluid, cartilage and synovial fluid reduce friction and prevent bones wearing  away, about replacement joints, about diseases and problems associated with the skeletal system and how they are treated

These objectives continue into lesson 6

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity:

With the full sized skeleton as your prop, discuss the functions of the skeletal system and the different sorts of joints (although this extends beyond KS3). Ask what they know about diseases of the joints, they will probably discuss injuries they have sustained, talk about the treatment they had. Use appropriate slides from Boardworks.

Main course:

You could show a pigs trotter or chicken foot to demonstrate the action of muscle and tendon. Get them to feel their achilles tendon to appreciate tendons are quite hard and don't stretch (bones wouldn't move if they were stretchy - show this trying to open a door with an elastic band and then with a piece of string).

Use appropriate slides from Boardworks. You and the pupils demo the action of biceps and triceps, stressing how the biceps CONTRACT to pull the bone up and maybe seeing how the triceps must contract to pull the bone back down. The other antagonistic pair RELAXES (they forget these words).

Use antagonistic muscle action sheet (9Bc/2 and 9Bc/3) to make a model arm.

Extension: 9Bc/9 - work sheet on arthritis.

Plenary:

Complete the questions on model arm sheet and then describe and explain how the arm moves.

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 
 

Resources: 

Glue, scissors, elastic bands, split pins, strong card, work sheets as below.
 

9Bc/2 and 9Bc/3
 

Care with split pins.
 

Lesson 6 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
9B

Lesson Title: MIXING YOUR DRINKS

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - that drugs are substances that effect how the body works, some effects of alcohol on behaviour and on the body, that muscles work in pairs, that exercise strengthens the heart, the works drug, alcohol.
SK - alcohol is a depressant drug which can damage the liver, that some people become addicted to alcohol, some factors that are linked to heart disease, the effects of exercise on the body, that muscles contract to move a bone and are attached to bone with tendons. A pair of muscles is called an antagonistic pair, the words depressant, alcohol abuse, heart disease, heart attack, antagonistic pair, contract, relax, impulse, tendon.
CK - alcohol abuse can cause liver cirrhosis, what atherosclerosis is, that bones are attached to each other by ligaments, that the gap between bones in a joint is often filled with synovial fluid, cartilage and synovial fluid reduce friction and prevent bones wearing  away, about replacement joints, about diseases and problems associated with the skeletal system and how they are treated
 

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity:

Pupils do alcohol quiz - 9Bc/4. Discuss answers but you may want to come back to this at the end of the lesson to amend wrong answers.
 
Main course:

Discuss the recommended weekly alcohol intakes of men and women, while looking at examples of drinks that contain one unit of alcohol (page 19, Exp. Sci. 9).

Use w/s 9Bd/1, pupils work out their reaction times, plot results. You could extend this activity and also workout reaction times after drinking a caffeinated drink.

Look at page 25 in Exp. Sci. 9, discuss alcohol as a depressant, and the other depressants (heroin, marijuana and solvents), discuss how they would effect reaction time and why they are dangerous to drive under the influence of. Discuss caffeine (and cocaine and ecstacy) as a stimulant and the effect it has on the nervous system.

Pupils complete the table on page 25 using information from the text book.

Plenary:
Question class on effects of alcohol on the body , unborn babies and on family members where alcohol abuse is an issue. Revisit alcohol quiz and pupils amend incorrect answers.

Question pupils on their understanding of the terms stimulant and depressant.

Timings:

10

40

10

Homework Suggestion: 

W/s 9Bd/2 - in preparation for next lesson.
 

Resources: 

Meter rulers, works sheets as below.
 

9Bc/4, 9Bd/1, 9Bd/2
 

Be aware that there may be pupils effected by alcholism.
 

Lesson 7 

Unit Title:  FIT AND HEALTHY
Caretaker: JES

Unit No   
9B

Lesson Title: DRUGS AND THE BODY

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    Complete end of topic test or quick quiz.

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity:

End of topic test

Quick quiz

 
Main course:

Plenary:
 

Timings:

30

Homework Suggestion: 
 

Resources: