Lesson 1

Unit Title:  Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Caretaker: PMC

Unit No   

Lesson Title: What is a metal?

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - Properties of metals: shiny, magnetic, heat and electrical conductor, high melting point,
SK - malleable, graphite, properties of different metals and non-metals
CK - properties of semi-metals.

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activities: 1. Hand out copies of the periodic table/ (don't use planners!). Pupils are asked to find steel, brass, bronze. They are not there because they are not elements. Pupils note definition of an element "something made of only one particle type." 

2. Show a lump of sulphur and a block of aluminium. Ask which one is a metal and ask pupils to list the different properties of each.

Main course:

Some pupils may need a definition of the term property. Then give pupils a list of properties of metals and non-metals. Highlight brittle for non-metals. sheet 9Ea/1

Pupils given periodic table then tour the room and identify if they think the substance is a metal or non-metal. Colour in red for metal or blue for non-metal, leave if not sure. Pupils may struggle with graphite, iodine, mercury, calcium.
Go through as a class and discuss the strangeness of some of the elements. Only three metals are magnetic. These are referred to as semi-metals. Draw in the steps in the periodic table. 

alternatively a research activity on the difference between metals and non-metals.

misconceptions: water conducts electricity. graphite is a metal. Steel is an element. Metals are brittle

Plenary:

First few slides on board works are excellent. BOARDWORKS
good questions in exploring science 7 page 64.

Timings:

Homework Suggestion: sheet 9Ea/3

Resources: periodic tables sulphur, aluminium, block. remaining stuff spread around the room. iron nail in a circuit with a bulb, magnet,  graphite labelled carbon in similar circuit, copper, tin, lead, test tube of mercury, iodine, calcium, lithium, nickel, piece of jewellery labelled gold/silver, gas jars of neon, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, helium (could be empty just labels)

Lesson 2 

Unit Title:  reactions of metals and metal compounds
Caretaker: pmc

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: metal + acid.

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - some metals react with dilute acids
SK - some metals react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen. test for hydrogen, write word equations the word salt
CK - write balanced symbol equations

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter: Next few lessons will involve acids and salt products. Brainstorm of as many acids as pupils can think of. Each of these can react with a metal. Draw up a table of the three main acids, nitric, hydrochloric, and sulphuric, the symbols, and the name of the salt formed. (nitrates, chlorides and sulphates) This is a good opportunity to review the number of atoms in different compounds. eg. number of oxygens in nitric, number of hydrogens in sulphuric.

 main: Practical. Pupils react granulated zinc (or magnesium) with hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. How do we know a reaction is occurring? (not disappear). change in temp, effervescence! (gas given off), new substance made. The pupils then take the solution they have formed and evaporate it to show that one of the products is a salt.

Demo the formation of hydrogen using beehive shelf and boiling tube.
 
Pupils clear away and go through the reaction they have observed. Reactants are hydrochloric acid and zinc. Products are the salt zinc chloride and  hydrogen.

Various questions of changing the metal and the acid and finding out the products formed or given products and finding the reactants.

Plenary:

Pupils copy metal + acid --> salt + hydrogen. / questions from p66/67 
 

Timings:

Homework Suggestion: work sheet 9Eb/3
 

Resources: 1M hydrochloric and 1M sulphuric acid, zinc granules, magnesium ribbon, bee hive shelf, trough, delivery tube with bung in a conical flask, evaporation dishes.
 

Lesson 3 

Unit Title:  reactions of metals and metal compounds
Caretaker: pmc

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: More bubbles

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - test for carbon dioxide. limestone and other metal carbonates react with acid.
SK -  acid + metal carbonate --> carbon dioxide and a salt + water. word equations. signs of a chemical reaction.
CK - word and symbol equations

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity: Show some sample of limestone, preferably with fossils. From a beaker labelled rain water drop some acid on top how some pictures of weathered buildings. and ask what is happening.
 
Main course: Pupils add a few drop of acid onto a small amount of rock sample on a watch glass and see if there is a reaction. Test the gas made by adding a few lumps of marble/limestone chips in a boiling tube. Test for hydrogen and carbon dioxide with lime water. This may take time and so could be a demo with kids help.

Limestone has a chemical name. calcium carbonate (calcium comes from shells crushed molluscs). Any rock containing carbonates will react with acid.

Limestone is only one type of carbonate and pupils now look at the effect of acid with different metal carbonates. sheet 9Ec/2. purpose of this is to note down signs of a chemical reaction and general observation skills.

Give some examples of word equations of carbonates that they have done.

copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid --> copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide.

Plenary:
metal carbonate + acid --> salt + carbon dioxide + water.

Timings:

Homework Suggestion: for higher pupils sheet 9Ec/6 (this is well hard!)

Resources: 0.5M samples of hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acids. calcium carbonate powder and pieces, sodium carbonate, copper carbonate, spatulas, pipettes, indicator paper, limewater, delivery tube for boiling tube to boiling tube, watch glasses, labelled samples of slate, limestone, beaker labelled rain water containing 0.5M hydrochloric acid, slate, granite, marble, chalk, sandstone, cotswold stone!, other rock sample if possible.       evaporation dishes
 

Lesson 4 

Unit Title:  Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Caretaker: PMC

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: metal oxides + acids

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - alkali is a soluble base, bases react with acids, acid + alkali gives a neutral solution, this forms a salt,
SK - how to get a neutral solution from acid + alkali. alkalis can be hazardous. word equation for neutralisation reactions. Salts are useful compounds
CK -  chemical formula

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity: show pupils some copper and get them to identify it. Heat it in a flame. It will go black. Pupils should be encouraged to realise that copper oxide has been formed. It is no longer a metal, but a metal oxide.

 
Main course: Reaction of copper oxide and sulphuric acid. Pupils add spatulas of copper oxide to a sample of sulphuric acid 20ml. Shake with bung. add powder until no more reacts. could also use UI paper to check neutral. This is a good way to point out things like, why does no copper oxide react?

evaporate the water to show a salt has been formed. heat should be turned off early as white copper sulphate can be formed which is harmful.

Some pupils may be able to work out the word equation, but all should at least get the reactants used. In this reaction it is important to note that no gas is made in this reaction.

Plenary:
Give pupils a mixture of word equations which they must work out.

Timings:

Homework Suggestion: questions of word equations
 

Resources: copper oxide powder, sulphuric acid 0.1M UI paper, tongs, copper foil, evaporation dishes
 

Lesson 5 

Unit Title:  Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Caretaker: PMC

Unit No   
 

Lesson Title: Metal hydroxide + acid --> salt + water

NC Ref: 

Objectives:    

MK - alkali is a soluble base, bases react with acids, acid + alkali gives a neutral solution, this forms a salt,
SK - how to get a neutral solution from acid + alkali. alkalis can be hazardous. word equation for neutralisation reactions. Salts are useful compounds
CK -  chemical formula

Lesson outline: Horsforth Commentary

Starter activity: Show sodium hydroxide solution, copper oxide and copper carbonate in water. Copper oxide, copper carbonate do not dissolve. These are bases. Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. Test with UI.  

 
Main course: Have done neutralisation with bases now do it with an alkali. Pupils must plan how to make a solution of potassium chloride and then obtain the solid potassium chloride. Give them hints for potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. 

This gives a chance to use data logging equipment to obtain a neutral solution without the use of indicator.

Plenary: acid + alkali --> salt + water.
 

Timings:

Homework Suggestion: KEY PIECE - HOMEWORK

sheet 9Ed/3
 

Resources: sodium hydroxide solution, copper oxide, copper carbonate, UI paper, potassium hydroxide solution, 0.1M hydrochloric acid 0.1M, datalogging stuff for pH.