QUESTIONS

ANSWER BOX

1.

How are igneous rocks made?

When molten substances cool down and form crystals.

2.

How are sedimentary rocks made?

When substances settle out in water, forming layers.

3.

How are metamorphic rocks made?

When rocks are heated and pushed together

4.

What type of rock is

a) sandstone and limestone,

a) sedimentary

b) marble and metaquartzite, and

b) metamorphic

c) granite and basalt?

c) igneous.

5.

If an igneous rock has large crystals, how was it formed?

By a molten substance turning solid slowly.

6.

What do we call the remains of a plant or animal found inside a rock?

A fossil.

7.

What can cause the weathering of rocks?

Water, wind ice, or changes  of temperature.

8.

How can ice break up rocks?

If water gets into cracks, it expands and can

9.

What type of plant often causes damage to brickwork?

Lichen or moss.

10.

What do we call the wearing away of rocks?

Erosion.

11.

How are cliffs eroded?

By waves constantly smashing into them and breaking bits off.

12.

What causes erosion in valleys?

Rivers (or glaciers).

13.

What are sediments?

Tiny pieces of rock deposited by a river or the sea

14.

How are sand banks and soils made?

Sandbanks are formed when the sea deposits drops its sediments Soils can be formed from river sediments.

15.

What is the difference between sandy and clay soils?

Sandy soils are made of large particles,

whereas clay soils have small particles.

16.

How must a river flow in order to carry large boulders?

Either very fast, or with a lot of water.

17.

How does wind erode rocks?

By blowing small particles against the rocks and slowly wearing them away.